How to strengthen the child's immunity?

16 May 2023
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Your child cannot go to nursery, kindergarten or school again because it has caught another infection? Do you dream that your child will be healthy for at least a few weeks - so that you do not have to take him to the doctor every now and then or "stand on his head" when organizing care at home? Find out how to strengthen your baby's immunity from the very first days of life.  

Don't get vaccinated

In this place role must be emphasized protective vaccinations, which are a very important element shaping the correct immune response of the young organism.

Especially in the current conditions, adherence to the vaccination schedule is the first thing to take care of. And that's before we start to wonder What about child immunity? AND before we buy any over-the-counter immunizing drugs for children.

Season for infections

Strengthening immunity in a child it becomes a particularly important issue in transitional periods, i.e. in spring and autumn. And although recurrent respiratory infections in children are the bane of autumn and winter, it should be remembered that there are at any time of the year.

As a rule, as long as the toddler stays at home under the care of his relatives and has no daily contact with other children, he gets sick sporadically or not at all, and if he does, the infections are usually mild.

After admission to a nursery or kindergarten, the situation often changes dramatically. It can be hard to tell when one cold ends and another begins. As soon as the child can be treated at home, he returns to normal activities and often everything starts again. Parents then feel helpless, and any way to strengthening immunity in a child is worth its weight in gold.

It is important in terms of immunity the type and course of the infection - whether we are dealing with a runny nose, cough, increased body temperature, which quickly subside, or whether the child has bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, ear inflammation, which requires antibiotics.

Moreover, untreated respiratory infections – even short-term, mild ones – tend to be prolonged or recur. They can also lead to unnecessary and sometimes dangerous complications, such as bronchitis or ear infections. And that, in turn, makes us wonder what to give the child for strengthening after the antibiotic.

What makes a child susceptible to seasonal respiratory infections?

However, before we ask a doctor or a pharmacist, what about immunity for a child, Let's have a look reasons for its weakness. A number of factors can be identified here: 

  • lifestyle and environmental conditions – especially exposure to tobacco smoke and air pollution, dampness in the home, improper nutrition of the child, little sleep, little exercise in the air;
  • too high temperature in the house, or overheating the baby
  • poor indoor air quality;
  • contact with infectious agents – through contact with peers who can transmit various pathogens;
  • congenital or acquired immune disorders;
  • atopic diseases – children with allergies are more vulnerable to infections;
  • other diseases, e.g. gastroesophageal reflux disease, cystic fibrosis, congenital heart defects.

Jolanta Wacławek

Pediatrician in the One-Day Hospitalization Department, Institute of Mother and Child

The expert advises:

Viral or bacterial infections are a daily threat for both adults and children. For toddlers, however, they can be especially dangerous because their immune systems are not yet mature. It is therefore hardly surprising when parents ask what the immunity for a one-year-old child is. Most of the immune mechanisms mature as the child develops, reaching full efficiency only in the school period (up to 12-14 years of age). The factors listed above may affect the development of immunity. Therefore, it is worth taking care of it from the very beginning. Breastfeeding and vaccinations are natural and proven methods. Their positive effect on the child's immune system has been confirmed many times.

How do we immunize a child's body?

We don't have influence on everything, however, it is worth introducing how from the very beginning the healthiest lifestyle and take care of the baby's health condition already in the neonatal period. If you are wondering how to immunize a child, reach for smart and proven methods. What? Below you will find some important hints.

It is worth remembering:

  • Proper nutrition - it is important to breastfeed your baby for a long time and to gradually expand the baby's diet (as recommended by the doctor) in order to provide him with all the necessary nutrients and shape good eating habits for the future.  
  • Clothing appropriate to the weather and surrounding conditions - you should not allow your toddler to cool down or overheat (due to the tendency to overheat with the amount of clothes, the latter happens even more often). 
  • Ensuring the correct ambient temperature - in the rooms where the child is staying, and especially where the child is sleeping, it should not be too warm, as this promotes drying of the mucous membranes, which increases the susceptibility to infections.

  • taking walks - recommended regardless of the season and the weather (as long as the frost does not exceed minus 8-10 degrees Celsius, and the heat - plus 25 degrees Celsius). daily.
  • Adherence to the schedule of preventive vaccinations - in addition to compulsory vaccinations, it is worth talking to your doctor about the recommended additional vaccinations - especially in the case of toddlers who will attend a nursery or kindergarten. 
  • The climate change - to support the maturation of the child's immune system, it is worth going out of town, to the mountains or to the seaside once or twice a year - if possible for 1-2 weeks.  

It is therefore we worry how to strengthen the child's immunity, let's start with the basics, such as immunization, healthy eating, proper clothing, and exercise in the fresh air. If we manage to take care of each of the above-mentioned aspects at least to a small extent, we have a chance to significantly reduce the frequency of visits to a doctor with a sick child. 

How to strengthen a child's immune system?

Our immunity consists of many interrelated elements, which is why we talk about the immune system or system. In children, it develops gradually until they reach school age. Pfull efficiency, comparable to adults, the immune system is only gaining during puberty, when there is a hormonal shift.

So before we get any drugs to strengthen the immune system for childrenwe should know what it is body's immune defense.

How does immunity work?

Understanding how immunity works is the starting point for finding answers to the question that how to strengthen a child's immune system. The main task of the immune system is to protect against external factors (such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and larger parasitic organisms, as well as chemicals such as proteins, polysaccharides and lipids) that can cause disease and damage to the body. 

It is worth noting that the immune system has a unique ability to recognize, remember and learn (the so-called immune memory) - only the central nervous system functions in a similar way.

If the immune system is working properly, it keeps the body safe. However, it happens that congenital or acquired disorders impair its functioning. The body is then unable to defend itself against infection and cannot distinguish between its own elements and foreign ones. Then questions arise, how to strengthen a child's immune system - forum parenting is often addressed to them.

Jolanta Wacławek

Pediatrician in the One-Day Hospitalization Department, Institute of Mother and Child

The expert advises:

At the time of birth, the human body is characterized by the so-called innate immunity (natural, non-specific) - it consists of: - anatomical barriers (skin without damage, healthy epithelium of mucous membranes) - mechanical physiological activities (reflexes of coughing and sneezing, exfoliation of the epithelium, movement of cilia on mucous membranes) - immune barrier ( food cells, granulocytes, interferon) Over time, through contact with various microorganisms and thanks to vaccinations, the immune system gains immunological experience, thanks to which the innate immunity is strengthened by the acquired immune (specific) response.

What is evidence of a child's immune disorders?

In what situations the question of whether and how to immunize a childbecomes particularly relevant? Symptoms that should worry parents because may indicate immune disorders, have:

  • eight or more infections in a year;
  • two or more severe sinus infections in a year;
  • two or more pneumonias in a year;
  • antibiotic therapy for two months or more with no apparent improvement;
  • recurrent deep skin or organ abscesses;
  • chronic oral mycosis or mycosis of the skin in a child after the first year of life;
  • the need for long-term intravenous antibiotic treatment;
  • inhibition of weight gain or growth retardation in the child;
  • having two or more severe infections, e.g. encephalitis, osteoarthritis, sepsis;
  • family history of primary immunodeficiency disorders.

In these cases, it is best to consult with an immunologist, from whom we will find out whether and what tests we should perform, and then, how to strengthen the child's immunity. It is not worth doing such tests on your own and without a clearly stated need, expose the child to a not very pleasant blood collection procedure. It is also worth talking to a specialist about what to give the child for strengthening after the antibiotic

Do drugs to strengthen immunity make sense?

Need for drugs to strengthen the immune system for children and adults is getting bigger. Medical interference with the immune system with drugs is known as immunomodulation or immunostimulation. Various substances are used for this purpose - of plant origin, fungi, bacteria, and other chemical compounds. 

Jolanta Wacławek

Pediatrician in the One-Day Hospitalization Department, Institute of Mother and Child

The expert advises:

Immunostimulants act on the cells of the immune system, especially stimulating non-specific mechanisms of the immune response. This type of therapy should be adapted to the child's age and based on a thorough medical history. An individually selected preparation, given to a child at the right time, gives a chance for a positive treatment result.

Not on my own 

Parents very often ask for over-the-counter immunizing drugs for childrenwanting to solve the problem as soon as possible. However, the choice of immunostimulating drugs always requires consultation with a pediatrician, who knows our child well. What helped a friend's toddler or collects a lot of positive opinions on online parenting forums will not necessarily be good for our child.

Let's remember that each child gets sick differently and may react differently to the medicines they are given. Incorrectly selected, excessive immunostimulation can be counterproductive - then our toddler not only will not stop getting sick, but it will be even more difficult for him to fight infections.   

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Aleksandra Swiebod

Head of the Department of Assessment and Development of Cooperation at the Institute of Mother and Child

How do we immunize a child's body in summer?

In addition to clothing adequate to the weather and hardening the body, for example in water, for the immunity of children in the summer climate change and a proper diet have a positive effect using seasonal vegetables and fruits.

Beneficial climate change

In the case of frequently ill children, doctors recommend a trip that allows you to stay in a climate other than home. Changing geographic location, temperature, humidity and pressure mobilizes the immune systemwhich has to cope with the new environmental conditions. We wrote about the benefits of traveling to various regions here.

Jolanta Wacławek

Pediatrician in the One-Day Hospitalization Department, Institute of Mother and Child

The expert advises:

Climate change has a positive effect, among others on respiratory efficiency and the circulatory system. For the child's immune system to benefit the most, the stay in other climatic conditions should last no less than 2 weeks, because the body must have time to adapt to them. It is worth organizing such a trip for children at least 1-2 times a year.

Fresh air and sunshine

About the benefits of staying outdoor no need to convince anyone. Pliving in a clean environment, away from exhaust fumes and air pollution, will be especially useful for children from larger cities and industrialized regions.

However, there are also ways to get rid of allergens and pollutants in apartments that are present in the air. One of the most effective may be, for example, a purchase air purifier, whose main function is to clean the air of harmful substances in closed rooms.

The summer period is also the most opportunity to enjoy the sun. With the recommended caution in contact with the sun's rays, let children enjoy them - reasonably dosed exposure (10-15 minutes a day is enough, outside the hours of the greatest sunlight, e.g. before noon) allows the skin to produce vitamin D, which is important not only for immunity.

Diet and immunity

The results of many studies show the influence of diet on our immunity. Summer gives the greatest opportunities to introduce children to the diet of fresh ingredients valuable nutritional values - especially vegetables and fruits. It is worth using this time to expand the diet and familiarize our children with new flavors. This is also a good time to make an effort to achieve limit the consumption of highly processed products and sweetswhich not only do not serve immunity, but also increase the risk of more and more common civilization diseases, such as diabetes, obesity or cancer.

As you can see, the answer to the question how to strengthen the child's immunity, is not simple and depends on many factors that should be considered individually for each toddler. However, our guidelines, based on current medical knowledge, are universal and should be followed in order to provide children with the best possible immune protection. 


Źródła:

  1. "Immunity disorders in children" edited by K. Zeman, PZWL, 2002
  2. "Immunologia" ed. Of science. J. Gołąb, M. Jakóbisiak, W. Lasek, T. Stokłosa, Polish Scientific Publishers PWN, 2007
  3. Bernatowska Ewa "How to recognize and treat primary immunodeficiencies". Pediatrician After Graduation, 2010; 14/3 / 83-94 

Author

Jolanta Wacławek

Pediatrician in the One-Day Hospitalization Department, Institute of Mother and Child

EU funding
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